The German poet Goethe never attended an ayahuasca ceremony, but his words contain useful advice for those wishing to explore visionary realms. In his poem The Sorcerer’s Apprentice, Goethe describes a young apprentice who must clean his master’s workshop while the latter is away. The apprentice is lazy and doesn’t want to do this by hand, so he uses one of his master’s spells to enchant a broom to clean for him.
Voila! The broom begins fetching water and scrubbing the floor. Soon the floor is flooded as the apprentice realizes he doesn’t know how to end the spell. He tries splitting the broom in two with an axe, but each half becomes a whole new broom and the chaos doubles as torrents of water crash their way through the workshop. When all seems lost, the sorcerer returns and breaks the spell, sternly warning that the spirits should only be called by those who understand them.
What is Goethe saying? The apprentice knows how to open the floodgates of spirit but is overwhelmed when the spirit takes on a life of its own. He is still learning. Unfamiliar with spirits, he invokes them to do something he should be doing himself: cleaning the workshop.
Notice the role of water in the poem. Normally a source of life and purification, here water plays a destructive role. The spirit of healing becomes an agent of chaos. The apprentice doesn’t realize the power of the spirits he has called and the channel he opens literally floods him. Goethe’s lesson is simple: the master’s magic is not a casual affair. It is sacred work, direct communion with the very fabric of reality.
Working with plant medicines like ayahuasca, we in the West are much like the assistant in Goethe’s poem. Although there was a rich tradition of psychotropic plant use in Europe, much of it has been lost, leaving foreign indigenous traditions as the best models for us to learn from. These traditions, passed on through master-student lineage, contain untold generations of accumulated experience and have developed sophisticated evidence-based methodologies for experiencing visionary realms.
Compare this with the West, where ayahuasca was unheard of less than 50 years ago. Today, it is a household name amongst alternative health seekers, the spiritually inclined, and curious psychonauts. The speedy rise in popularity forces us to question how authentic, how conscious, modern ayahuasca use really is. My proposal is that if we want to explore plant medicine — and remember, there are other tools available — then we must do so with presence and preparation. We can cultivate inner awareness, learn from indigenous visionary traditions, and practice common sense.
No one told me this before my first ceremony. At the time, I needed help. I was suffering from chronic fatigue and had never fully recovered from a major intestinal surgery a few years earlier. Having heard reports of spectacular visions and miraculous healings, and frustrated by the failure of conventional medicine and alternative therapies, I was ready to try anything. Ayahuasca’s shamanic and psychedelic undertones tickled the adventurer in me, and it wasn’t long before I found myself in a warehouse in the industrial suburbs of London, drinking the unbelievably bitter medicine.
Looking back on my first ceremony, I realize that I had absolutely no idea what I was stepping into. I had to learn many lessons the hard way. This article is about these hard-earned lessons of my experience with visionary plant medicine (VPM), a term I will use to describe the cornucopia of vision-inducing healing plants that includes, amongst others, ayahuasca, peyote, iboga, san pedro, and psilocybin (“magic”) mushrooms.
The tendency in the West is to approach VPM with the belief that good intentions are enough to guarantee good results. Often ignored is the fact that VPM has its own rules and without an understanding of these rules, the journey is fraught with peril and danger. Of course, all spiritual traditions, whether they are local or foreign, have their own learning curves. VPM is unique in its speed and intensity. In the space of a few hours, we experience emotions, dimensions, and beings that we didn’t even know existed. We understand the innate perfection of the universe and the indestructible clarity of the awake state of mind. We weep, we chuckle, we smile.
And then we live happily ever after, right? So I thought after my first ayahuasca ceremony. Having experienced my own upcoming death and dissolved into cosmic bliss, I figured it was all smooth sailing from then on. Goethe’s poem is a reminder that such experiences come at a price. It’s a bit like losing your virginity. Whether you like it or not, there is no turning back once you’ve seen behind the veil.
This loss of innocence is an archetypal step into adulthood, celebrated around the world in initiation rituals. Common to all initiations is the assumption of responsibility towards the community and the cosmos. In the West, we have a tendency to want knowledge without a parallel sense of duty. Carl Jungsaid that this was “the mistake of our age. We think it is enough to discover new things, but we don’t realize that knowing more demands a corresponding development of morality.”
VPM can guide but it does not solve our problems. Conscious effort and focus — i.e. work — are required every step of the way — whether it is gulping down an impossibly nauseating liquid, maintaining presence in the midst of apocalyptic visions, or learning to surrender and move forward. It is through conscious action that we heal ourselves — and conscious action is difficult because negative habits, tendencies, and addictions have momentum. Changing them is like trying to divert the course of a river. In the words of Lama Govinda in Foundations of Tibetan Mysticism, “every deed leaves a trace, a path formed by the process of walking, and wherever such a once-trodden path exists, there we find, when a similar situation arises, that we take to this path spontaneously.”
In the West, we are used to thinking of medicine as curing illness because modern Western medicine treats symptoms. Yet symptoms are only manifestations of a mind-body imbalance. Traditional medicine treats the imbalance, helping the mind-body heal itself. In other words, it is the inherent intelligence of the body and the world that heals. The medicine only kickstarts or catalyzes the process.
The beauty of VPM is that it gives us a choice: to be brave and assume responsibility for our innate healing capabilities, or to shy away in fear and shallowness. The question is whether we are ready to be exposed to this choice. Once confronted, every moment we refuse the challenge is a painful, as part of ourself identifies with the visionary experience whilst the other does not fully accept its consequences. And so we limp away from our dreams like a wounded dog.
This is why the Swiss psychoanalyst Carl Jung was critical of psychedelic experiences. He believed they revealed too much: “I am profoundly mistrustful of the ‘pure gifts of the Gods.’ You pay very dearly for them.” For Jung, man could only handle a bit at a time. He saw the dream as the ideal. There, the mind lets go, the ego weakens, and the dreamer receives insight inaccessible to the rational waking mind. Dreams, he thought, were more effective than psychedelics because they allowed for consistent, gradual evolution. They kept things on a human scale. Putting aside his view on psychedelics, Jung reminds us that the spiritual path is not something we save for Sunday morning. It is a constant, fiery devotion towards life, an unwavering acceptance of reality at every moment in time.
To be this unwavering is difficult when visionary medicine brings us to states of being so far removed from day-to-day life. The plants show us their vision of the world, where humans are not the center of existence and where all living beings are in a state of constant interaction. In ceremony, we experience states that, in many spiritual traditions, are limited only to advanced initiates. Many teachings in Tibetan Buddhism, for example, are reserved only to those who have prepared by years of preliminary practices.
Like Goethe’s apprentice, we like shortcuts. And today, shortcuts are more and more accessible. We support causes by liking them on Facebook, there’s a yoga teacher on every street corner, and ceremonies of all kinds are a phone call or a plane ride away. Suddenly, all these spiritual practices are accessible. Doors of all kinds open up: we have entered the spiritual supermarket. It is enormous and has many, many, brightly-lit, signposted aisles. But, what to pick? This medicine or that one?
The abundance of options easily leads to what Chogyam Trungpa calls spiritual materialism, when the ego converts spirituality to its own use. Others call it spiritual bypassing, when spirituality becomes a way of not attending our deepest wounds. Meditation can be a method of avoiding one’s relationship with others and yoga can be an exercise in self-harm just as it can be a source of serenity. VPM’s shadow side is witchcraft, which is a perversion of healing shamanism for egoistic power. The existence of witchcraft in the Amazon and around the world reminds us that all humans, not just Westerners, can distort true spirituality, despite their good intentions.
In spiritual materialism, we go on a quest for personal progress, setting ourselves the faraway goal of self-liberation, without ever tackling the root of our suffering. Although our objective may be honorable, we forget that the only way to reach it is to begin with where we are in the present. Think about it: we cannot reach a destination without starting from where we are. To get from A to Z, we don’t start at K.
If we pay enough attention to our experience, we eventually realize that it is challenging to be fully present. The ever-changing nature of the present disrupts the rigid notions of reality we hold, the narratives we use to conceptualize our lives. As a result, we are always trying to be somewhere else, either physically or psychologically.
The trouble is that unless we consistently work on maintaining awareness of our mental habits, we will maintain these habits in our experience with VPM. VPM without a pre-existing spiritual or contemplative foundation is pointless, like planting seeds in barren soil. I like to use the metaphor of the vessel. We need a strong vessel in order to brave the stormy seas of the visionary realms. If the vessel is weak, we sink. A Secoya shaman once cautioned me that without proper discipline, “el yagé engaña” — the medicine tricks. Their healing abilities of plants, in the words of John Welwood, are “like the light and warmth of the sun that starts to wake up a dormant seed within us. Soul is that seed, which wants to grow, blossom, and bear fruit, to become all that it can be. But often the shell around the seed is so thick that it blocks those expansive possibilities.”
Instead of the light penetrating us to the core, transmuting us wholly, we let it shine only in the places we want — the cozy places — because deep inside we are afraid of lowering our defenses, or we don’t know how to lower them. We haven’t devoted enough energy to the work that is common to every human, a process that Joseph Campbell calls the “hero’s journey”. We remain stuck in repeated neurotic pathways, endlessly wondering why we don’t feel better, when the nausea will end, and why we aren’t having visions whilst our neighbor is head to head with a large bioluminescent snake. “I want what she’s having!”
Experienced meditators are familiar with the dilemma that meditation involves giving up a sense of reward. In ceremony too, we must leave expectations behind. In the West, this is especially difficult to understand because we usually pay for our ceremonies, or are asked for “donations”. We want the most bang for our buck (hand over the goods ayahuasca!). The intensity, vividness, and sheer alienness of ceremonies can easily lead us to sensationalist interpretations and confusion. We confuse exotic sensations with progress.
That’s precisely what happened to me. My ceremonies consistently flooded me with intense sensations and I didn’t know what to do with them. I was clueless about integration. The gap between ceremony and day-to-day life felt vast. Similarly, medicine retreats in the Amazon don’t always translate to smooth landings back home. Nor is this phenomenon unique to VPM. In contemplative practices, meditators in isolation can reach profound states of bliss yet be overwhelmed when returning to the mundane world.
Yet the mundane world is the foundation from which we must work. Here, we realize that spirit and matter, inner and outer, are two sides of the same coin. It is where we can receive help from others and be of service to them, where we can build communities, and give hope. Our healing and the healing of the world are one tangled but unified process. Lama Govinda says, “He who strives for his own salvation, or merely with a view of getting rid of suffering in the shortest possible way, without regard for his fellow beings, has already deprived himself of the most essential means for the realization of his aim.”
I write these words because I see so much good intention in human beings, so much effort, and so much strength, but also tremendous doubt, fear and misplaced energy. Human beings are unique in their ability to not only be and feel energy, but also to willfully direct energy. We can aim this energy in any direction, towards any purpose. Without a clear vision, confusion prevails. The French Catholic priest and archaeologist Teilhard de Chardin asks us “If man fails to recognize his true nature, the true object of his love, the confusion is vast and irremediable. Bent on assuaging a passion for the All on an object too small to satisfy it, his efforts will be fruitless, a terrible waste. How much energy do you think the spirit of the earth loses in a single night?”
Visionary plants can heal, but the fundamental agent of healing and transformation is the soft breath of the present, and this can be found regardless of the path we pursue, gods we worship, or plants we work with. Let us not confuse means and ends. “Truth is a pathless land” said Krishnamurti, speaking to that human tendency of taking the life out of truth by institutionalizing it. The exploration of visionary realms is fascinating and necessary, but can only be completed with the understanding that the ultimate medicine is our own self.
In Christian iconography, the Virgin Mary, upon learning that she will conceive the son of God, is often depicted with a book in her lap. The book symbolizes piety and discipline, for one does not passively receive heavenly grace, but works steadfastly towards creating a soil fertile for its growth.
An ayahuasca ceremony can help, but the present moment is the fundamental ceremony of life. This ceremony never ends and you are it’s shaman. In this ceremony, everything is a medicine, every breath, every blade of grass, the moments of bliss, the moments of desperation. No enemies. The poet Rainer Maria Rilke wrote, “Perhaps all the dragons in our lives are only princesses who are waiting to see us act just once with beauty and courage. Perhaps everything terrible is, in its deepest essence, something helpless that needs our love.”
Can our darkest pains, our deepest fears, really be parts of ourselves crying for our attention? Perhaps the way forward is not as scary as we imagined it. As our hearts and minds expand, we know that the sun always shines behind the clouds. Its splendid rays radiate eternally in all directions. Truly, as the Ramayana declares, “all evil vanishes from life for him who keeps the sun in his heart.”
I thank our plant friends for the blessings they have bestowed on us. I thank the shamans and healers, past, present, and future, for their sacred work. I thank the infinitely big and the infinitely small, the known and the forgotten. I thank the light that infuses all dimensions. I thank the gift of life. And I thank you, reader, for sharing this moment with all of us. We are all connected through source. Bless your journey. Bless our journey…
